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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:20.0pt'>中国的气候</p>

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<p style='margin:0in;font-size:10.0pt;color:#767676'><span style='font-family:
Calibri'>2020</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>年</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>3</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>月</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri'>17</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>日</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.0pt;color:#767676'>16:43</p>

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<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:16.0pt;
color:#1E4E79'>零、等温线的判读</h1>

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<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#D2D2F4;vertical-align:top;width:2.0111in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>示意图</span></p>
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  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#D2D2F4;vertical-align:top;width:1.2312in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>走向特点</span></p>
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  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#D2D2F4;vertical-align:top;width:1.327in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt;
  color:black'><span style='font-weight:bold'>影响因素</span></p>
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 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:2.0319in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image001.png" width=145
  height=71 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;20℃&#10;22℃&#10;24℃"></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:1.2312in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>基本和纬线平行</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>（或大致东西走向）</p>
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  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:1.252in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>太阳辐射</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>（纬度）</p>
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 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#E7F6EF;vertical-align:top;width:2.0319in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image002.png" width=153
  height=86 alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;陆地"></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#E7F6EF;vertical-align:top;width:1.2312in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>基本和海岸线平行</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#E7F6EF;vertical-align:top;width:1.3777in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>受海洋影响的程度（海洋热容量大，增温降温较慢）。</p>
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 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:2.0319in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image003.png" width=159
  height=89></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:1.2312in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>基本和等高线平行（或与山脉走向平行）</p>
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  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:1.252in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>地形起伏</p>
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 </tr>
 <tr>
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  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:2.0319in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image004.png" width=182
  height=98></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:1.2312in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>等温线凸向</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>高纬度/低纬度</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
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  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:1.3152in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>陆地：地形</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>海洋：洋流</p>
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 </tr>
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  background-color:#E7F6EF;vertical-align:top;width:2.0319in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image005.png" width=168
  height=101></p>
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  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#E7F6EF;vertical-align:top;width:1.2312in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>等温线闭合</p>
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  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#E7F6EF;vertical-align:top;width:1.3555in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>陆地：地形地势</p>
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 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:2.0319in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image006.png" width=157
  height=94></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:1.2312in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>等温线闭合</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  background-color:#CBECDE;vertical-align:top;width:1.3777in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>盆地；若平原地形出现闭合，城市“热岛效应”影响</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

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<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>等温线图判读的基本方法</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>（0）判断等温线数值。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>（1）判断南、北半球：根据等温线数值。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>（2）判断季节和海陆位置：根据等温线的弯曲方向。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>（3）判断温差大小：根据等温线的疏密程度。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>（4）判断地势：根据等温线数值与同纬度地区比较。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>（5）判断洋流流向和性质：根据等温线弯曲方向。</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#5B9BD5'>详细方法描述：</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
lang=zh-CN>（</span><span lang=en-US>1</span><span lang=zh-CN>）一陆向南（一月陆地等温线向南弯曲），七陆向北</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
lang=zh-CN>（</span><span lang=en-US>2</span><span lang=zh-CN>）温差大小：疏密程度</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
lang=zh-CN>（</span><span lang=en-US>3</span><span lang=zh-CN>）</span><span
style='font-weight:bold' lang=zh-CN>凸高为谷，凸低为脊</span><span lang=zh-CN>同样适用</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
lang=zh-CN>（</span><span lang=en-US>4</span><span lang=zh-CN>）大于大的，小于小的</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image007.png" width=224 height=112
alt="计算机生成了可选文字:&#10;12℃&#10;15℃"></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>A&lt;12<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>B&gt;15</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
lang=zh-CN>（</span><span lang=en-US>5</span><span lang=zh-CN>）洋流性质：等温线弯曲方向</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image008.png" width=220 height=143></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>①高温流向低温：暖流，反之亦然。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>②低温流向高温：寒流，反之亦然。</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:16.0pt;
color:#1E4E79'>一、气温和温度带</h1>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>1.气温分布特点</h2>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F3763'>①冬季气温分布</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>特点：冬季，气温自南向北逐渐降低；南北温差大</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>形成原因：1.维度因素的影响；2.冬季风、地形影响</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#2F5496'><span style='font-style:italic'>我国最低气温地区：黑龙江漠河</span></h4>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>①纬度高，日照时间短，获得的太阳辐射少；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>②离冬季风源地近，加剧了严寒。</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#2F5496'><span style='font-style:italic'>纬度相近，为什么冬季四川盆地的气温比长江中下游的气温高？</span></h4>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>①地处秦岭（大巴山）的背风坡，阻挡了冬季风，气温较高；②地形闭塞</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F3763'>②夏季气温分布</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>特点：除青藏高原外，全国普遍高温，南北温差较小</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>形成原因：1.维度因素（太阳辐射）的影响；2.夏季风影响</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#2F5496'><span style='font-style:italic'>夏季我国最低温地区：青藏高原</span></h4>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>①海拔高，空气稀薄；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>②大气逆辐射弱，保温作用差。</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#2F5496'><span style='font-style:italic'>我国最高温地区：新疆吐鲁番盆地</span></h4>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>①海拔低，气温高；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>②地处内陆，沙漠广布，吸热快；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>③盆地地形，不易散热；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>④气流由四周沿盆地边缘下沉，形成焚风效应，导致升温；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>⑤空气干燥少云，太阳辐射强。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F3763'>③拓展：焚风效应</h3>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>焚风效应产生的风十分干热，可致土地龟裂。</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:
11.0pt'>产生原因——来自百度百科：</span><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:10.5pt;color:#333333'>焚风是</span><span style='font-weight:bold;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:10.5pt;color:#333333'>山区特有</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:10.5pt;color:#333333'>的</span><a
href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1"><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:10.5pt;color:#136EC2'>天气现象</span></a><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:10.5pt;color:#136EC2'>。它是由于气流越过高山后下沉造成的。当一团空气</span></p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image009.gif" width=220 height=165></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:10.5pt;color:#333333'>从高空下沉到地面时，每下降1000米，温度平均升高6.5℃。这就是说，当空气从海拔四千至五千米的高山下降至地面时，温度会升高20℃以上，使凉爽的气候顿时热起来</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Arial;font-size:10.5pt;color:#333333'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>2.我国的温度带</h2>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image010.png" width=315 height=241></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>3.降水和干湿地区</h2>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F3763'>①降水的几种类型</h3>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.4173in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image011.png" width=216
  height=184></p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:4.0548in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image012.png" width=384
  height=179></p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.4173in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>对流雨</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:4.0548in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>地形雨</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.6465in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image013.png" width=238
  height=182></p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.7965in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image014.png" width=263
  height=172></p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.6465in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>锋面雨</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:2.7965in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>台风雨</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F3763'>②影响降水的因素</h3>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>大气环流（气压带风带、季风环流）、海陆位置、地形、洋流、人类活动等。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#1F3763'>③中国降水分布</h3>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>降水的空间分布：从东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐减少（学案43页）</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>降水的时间分布：年际变化大，年际变化北方大于南方，西北干旱地区变化率更大。越往北雨季越短，降水集中程度越高</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#2F5496'><span style='font-style:italic'>夏季风进退迟早和强弱变化的影响</span></h4>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>夏季风来得早去得晚的年份，雨季长，我国降水就偏多，相反降水就偏少；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>夏季风势力弱，雨带长时间停留南方，会导致我国南涝北旱；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>相反，夏季风势力强，雨带快速移动到北方，会导致我国北涝旱南。</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image015.png" width=289 height=336></p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>↑五月南部沿海地区</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>——六月长江中下游——七、八月华北、东北——九月南撤到沿海——退出</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image016.png" width=480 height=321></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>4.季风区与非季风区</h2>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>概念：受夏季风影响明显的地区叫季风区。受夏季风影响不明显的地区叫非季风区。</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>分界线：大兴安岭、阴山、贺兰山、巴颜喀拉山、冈底斯山</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image017.png" width=290 height=203></p>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 0pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>项<span
  style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>目</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>季风区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.3083in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>非季风区</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9958in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>夏季风影响</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>夏季风可以影响</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.2888in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>夏季风不能达到</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>年降水量</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>降水量多，400mm以上</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.3083in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>降水量少，400mm以下</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>干湿状况</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>半湿润、湿润区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.3083in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>半干旱、干旱区</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>地势阶梯</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>大部分在1000m以下，<br>
    &nbsp;</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>我国的第二、第三阶梯上</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.3368in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>在1000m~4000m之间<br>
    &nbsp;</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>第一和第二阶梯上</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>地形类型</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>平原丘陵为主</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.3083in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>高原、盆地、山地为主</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>河流特征</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>外流河，雨水补给为主</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.4402in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>大部分内流河，冰雪融水补给为主</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>天然植被</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>森林及森林草原</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.3083in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>荒漠及荒漠草原</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>生产方式</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.218in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>耕作业为主，栽培作物分布广</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.4402in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>畜牧业为主，仅绿洲、河谷有农业</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:.9958in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>面积及人口</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.1986in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>面积占45%，人口占95%</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-width:0pt;vertical-align:top;width:2.2888in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>面积占55%，人口占5%</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>5.干湿地区</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>划分依据</span>：降水量与蒸发量的对比关系</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>四类干湿地区</span>：</p>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.2652in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>降水量&gt;蒸发量</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1833in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
  style='font-weight:bold'>降水量&lt;蒸发量</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.2458in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>湿润地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1333in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>半干旱地区</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.2458in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>半湿润地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.1333in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>干旱地区</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>干湿地区三条分界线</span>：800、400、200mm等降水量线</p>

<p style='margin:0in'><img src="中国的气候.files/image018.png" width=322 height=250></p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>新疆西北部有半干旱区分布原因是：受来自大西洋气流影响</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>黑龙江东北也有湿润区：纬度高，蒸发小</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>对作物影响</span>：</p>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.8236in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>湿润区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.843in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>半湿润区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9763in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>半干旱区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.809in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>干旱区</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.843in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>水田为主</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.843in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>旱地为主</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9958in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>灌溉农牧业</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>绿洲农牧业</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>四类干湿地区的比较：</span></p>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>干湿</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9541in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>年降</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>水量</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.225in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>分布</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>植被</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>景观</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>农业</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>特色</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>湿润</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9541in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>&gt;800</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.225in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>秦岭—淮河以南地区、东北三省东部、青藏高原东南边缘</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>森林</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6034in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>水田耕作为主</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6868in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>半湿润</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9541in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>400-800</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.225in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>东北平原、华北平原、黄土高原南部、青藏高原东南部</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>森林</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>草原</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6034in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>以旱地耕作为主</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6868in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>半干旱</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9541in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>200-400</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.225in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>内蒙古高原东部、黄土高原北部和青藏高原的大部分</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>草原</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6034in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>草原畜牧业和灌溉农业</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6868in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>干旱地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.9541in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>&lt;200</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.225in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>新疆、内蒙古高原西部和青藏高原西北部</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>荒漠</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6034in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>山地畜牧业，绿洲农业</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:16.0pt;
color:#1E4E79'>二、中国的气候特征</h1>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>1.气候类型复杂多样</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>体现</span>：东部为季风气候（温带季风、亚热带季风、热带季风）</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>西北为干旱半干旱的温带大陆性气候</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>青藏高原为高山气候</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:bold'>原因</span>：①南北跨度广，太阳辐射相差很大，五个温度带</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>②东西距海远近差异大，各地降水不同，四类干湿地区</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>③地形类型复杂多样</p>

<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:12.0pt;
color:#2F5496'><span style='font-style:italic'>复杂多样的气候对我国经济的影响？</span></h4>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>1）有利于多种生物的繁殖生长，使我国的动植物资源非常丰富；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>2）利于开展多种经营，使我国农、林、牧、渔各业综合发展；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>3）有利于社会生活的丰富多彩，使我国地域文化的发展各具特色。</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>2.季风气候显著</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>表现</span>：冬冷夏热，气温年较差大；降水季节分配不均匀，集中在夏秋季节，且年际变化大。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>成因</span>：位于亚洲东部，太平洋西岸，海陆热力性质差异显著。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>夏季受来自海洋的夏季风的控制，高温多雨；冬季受寒冷的冬季风的影响，寒冷干燥。</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>3.雨热同期</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>表现</span>：除高原、山地外，高温期与多雨期一致，水热配合好。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>成因</span>：夏季我国各地正午太阳高度角大，得到的太阳光照多，气温高，同时夏季风带来丰沛的降水。</p>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:14.0pt;
color:#2E75B5'>4.气候特征对农业生产的影响</h2>

<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'><span
style='font-weight:bold'>有利</span>：①夏季普遍高温，使喜热的玉米、棉花、水稻的种植北界比其它地区纬度要高；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>②雨热同期有利于作物、牧草、森林的生长。</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>③气候复杂多样，适合多种农作物、动植物生长。</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'><span style='font-weight:bold'>不利</span>：①水旱灾害严重：降水过分集中在夏季，造成春旱、夏涝现象严重；降水的年际变化大，水旱灾害多；</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
font-size:11.0pt'>②寒潮带来严寒、大风、霜冻等恶劣天气，台风造成水灾、风灾。</p>

<p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

<h1 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:16.0pt;
color:#1E4E79'>三、我国主要的气象灾害</h1>

<div style='direction:ltr'>

<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:ltr;
 border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
 1pt' title="" summary="">
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>气象</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>灾害</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.975in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>发生</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>时间</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.0381in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>形成</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>原因</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.3138in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>影响</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.5034in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>带来</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>后果</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>寒潮</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.975in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>秋末、</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>冬季、</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>初春</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.0381in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>源于西伯利亚、</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>蒙古一带的</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>强冷空气侵入</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.3138in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>除西藏、云贵</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>外的我国大部</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>分地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.5034in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>严寒、大风、</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>霜冻，影响</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>生产、生活</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>台风</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.975in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>夏秋</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>季节</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.0381in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>源于热带洋面</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>的大气涡旋，</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>西北太平洋最多</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.3138in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>粤、台、琼、浙、闽等</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>沿海地区</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.5034in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>狂风暴雨带来</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>灾害，但也</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>可以缓解伏旱</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>旱灾</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>洪涝</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.975in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>春夏</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>多旱，</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>夏秋</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>多洪涝</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.0381in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>降水季节不均，</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>年际变化大，</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>台风带来的影响</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.3138in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>我国大部分</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>地区常交替</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>出现旱涝灾害</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.8027in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>对国民经济、生命财产造成严重损失</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.6868in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>沙尘暴</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:.975in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";font-size:11.0pt'>春季</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.0381in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>源于内蒙古及</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>我国的沙漠，</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>在春季随风侵袭</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.3138in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>我国西北、</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>华北地区，</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>有时袭至</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>江淮地区</p>
  <p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
  vertical-align:top;width:1.4847in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>破坏草原，</p>
  <p style='margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";
  font-size:11.0pt'>加速荒漠化</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:宋体;font-size:11.0pt'>&nbsp;</p>

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<p style='margin:0in'>&nbsp;</p>

<p style='text-align:left;margin:0in;font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;
color:#969696;direction:ltr'>已使用 Microsoft OneNote 2016 创建。</p>

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